Nanocoatings in medicine: Antiquity and modern times

Abstract

Whilst nanotechnology particularly focuses upon the power of working at the nanoscale, often with reference to particles or atoms, nano-based materials or nanocoatings upon ordinary classed materials, are equally as potent. Nanocoatings are prevalent across a multitude of disciplines ranging from engineering through to medicine. A wide range of materials and techniques has been employed to produce nanocoatings for a given purpose. This chapter explores a number of aspects of nanocoatings and provides a brief overview of the origins and development of coating as a concept. It also delves into the concept of nanocoating, examining exactly what is a nanocoating and what production methods are employed in present day. Predominantly, attention is focused upon the existence of nanocoatings used to improve mechanical properties, offer novel functionality such as extreme water repellence (superhydrophobicity) or their implementation in the pharmaceutical, medical and dental industries (e.g. the coating of dental and medical implants). The feasibility and advantages of working at the nanoscale to engineer coatings are discussed, critically assessing whether added benefits are actually achieved.